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EPA UCMR5 DATA · UPDATED 2025

50 Most PFAS-Contaminated Water Systems in America

The EPA's 5th Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5) tested over 7,000 public water systems for 29 PFAS “forever chemicals” between 2023 and 2025. The results revealed widespread contamination — with some systems delivering water at levels more than 100 times the EPA's own limits. These are the worst 50, ranked by maximum detected concentration.

800+
Systems with MCL violations
12+ million
People served by top 50 worst systems
4 ppt
EPA MCL for PFOA / PFOS
Note on methodology: Rankings use the maximum PFAS concentration detected across all monitoring points for each water system, sourced directly from EPA UCMR5 national data. A single high detection at one sampling point represents a real exposure risk — it does not mean every tap in the system is equally contaminated, but it does mean the risk exists within the distribution network.
RANKED: HIGHEST PFAS DETECTIONS WITH MCL VIOLATIONS
#1
PWSID: TX0790005Texas1 MCL violation
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 672.0 ppt · 8 compounds detected
672
ppt max
#2
PWSID: MN1820014Minnesota1 MCL violation
Worst: PFBA at 550.0 ppt · 4 compounds detected
550
ppt max
#3
PWSID: NC0464020North Carolina3 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 490.0 ppt(123× over EPA limit) · 6 compounds detected
490
ppt max
#4
PWSID: MN1820025Minnesota3 MCL violations
Worst: PFBA at 386.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
386
ppt max
#5
PWSID: MN1190012Minnesota2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBA at 380.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
380
ppt max
#6
PWSID: TX1660001Texas2 MCL violations
Worst: PFPeA at 339.0 ppt · 10 compounds detected
339
ppt max
#7
PWSID: GA1290000Georgia2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 290.0 ppt · 8 compounds detected
290
ppt max
#8
PWSID: WI6480243Wisconsin2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBA at 280.0 ppt · 6 compounds detected
280
ppt max
#9
PWSID: PR0004604Puerto Rico2 MCL violations
Worst: PFHxA at 260.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
260
ppt max
#10
PWSID: CA3700963California4 MCL violations
Worst: PFHxS at 250.2 ppt(25× over EPA limit) · 9 compounds detected
250
ppt max
#11
PWSID: CA3610062California3 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 236.5 ppt(59× over EPA limit) · 10 compounds detected
237
ppt max
#12
PWSID: PA1460022Pennsylvania2 MCL violations
Worst: PFOA at 235.0 ppt(59× over EPA limit) · 8 compounds detected
235
ppt max
#13
PWSID: IL1075030Illinois1 MCL violation
Worst: PFBA at 233.2 ppt · 5 compounds detected
233
ppt max
#14
PWSID: PA1460050Pennsylvania2 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 226.2 ppt · 9 compounds detected
226
ppt max
#15
PWSID: FL1170525Florida4 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 220.1 ppt · 12 compounds detected
220
ppt max
#16
PWSID: OH7802311Ohio2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 220.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
220
ppt max
#17
PWSID: FL4130871Florida2 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 190.0 ppt · 11 compounds detected
190
ppt max
#18
PWSID: DE0000592Delaware3 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 180.0 ppt · 11 compounds detected
180
ppt max
#19
PWSID: WV3305404West Virginia1 MCL violation
Worst: PFOA at 179.5 ppt(45× over EPA limit) · 5 compounds detected
180
ppt max
#20
PWSID: MN1190020Minnesota1 MCL violation
Worst: PFBA at 168.0 ppt · 6 compounds detected
168
ppt max
#21
PWSID: NY5907717New York3 MCL violations
Worst: PFHxA at 160.4 ppt · 8 compounds detected
160
ppt max
#22
PWSID: AL0000577Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 155.4 ppt · 8 compounds detected
155
ppt max
#23
PWSID: WA5303160Washington3 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 153.6 ppt(38× over EPA limit) · 8 compounds detected
154
ppt max
#24
PWSID: PA3390032Pennsylvania4 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 153.0 ppt(38× over EPA limit) · 13 compounds detected
153
ppt max
#25
PWSID: NC0392373North Carolina3 MCL violations
Worst: PFHxS at 152.6 ppt(15× over EPA limit) · 9 compounds detected
153
ppt max
#26
PWSID: GA0550000Georgia2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 150.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
150
ppt max
#27
PWSID: GU0000006Guam3 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 148.2 ppt · 11 compounds detected
148
ppt max
#28
PWSID: CO0121900Colorado3 MCL violations
Worst: PFHxA at 140.6 ppt · 8 compounds detected
141
ppt max
#29
PWSID: MN1820009Minnesota1 MCL violation
Worst: PFBA at 140.0 ppt · 3 compounds detected
140
ppt max
#30
PWSID: SC0110001South Carolina1 MCL violation
Worst: HFPO-DA at 140.0 ppt(14× over EPA limit) · 4 compounds detected
140
ppt max
#31
PWSID: AL0000587Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 140.0 ppt · 8 compounds detected
140
ppt max
#32
PWSID: CA1910097California1 MCL violation
Worst: PFHxA at 136.8 ppt · 8 compounds detected
137
ppt max
#33
PWSID: FL4130970Florida2 MCL violations
Worst: 6:2 FTS at 135.7 ppt · 11 compounds detected
136
ppt max
#34
PWSID: AL0000580Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 134.3 ppt · 8 compounds detected
134
ppt max
#35
PWSID: MP0000001N. Mariana Islands2 MCL violations
Worst: PFPeA at 133.8 ppt · 9 compounds detected
134
ppt max
#36
PWSID: WV3305203West Virginia3 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 121.8 ppt(30× over EPA limit) · 7 compounds detected
122
ppt max
#37
PWSID: AL0000582Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 120.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
120
ppt max
#38
PWSID: MN1820024Minnesota2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBA at 118.0 ppt · 5 compounds detected
118
ppt max
#39
PWSID: AL0001671Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 113.5 ppt · 8 compounds detected
114
ppt max
#40
PWSID: AZ0404008Arizona2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 113.3 ppt · 5 compounds detected
113
ppt max
#41
PWSID: WA5382844Washington2 MCL violations
Worst: PFPeA at 110.0 ppt · 6 compounds detected
110
ppt max
#42
PWSID: AL0001164Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 110.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
110
ppt max
#43
PWSID: KS2000911Kansas3 MCL violations
Worst: PFPeA at 110.0 ppt · 10 compounds detected
110
ppt max
#44
PWSID: NY5903150New York3 MCL violations
Worst: PFOS at 106.0 ppt(27× over EPA limit) · 10 compounds detected
106
ppt max
#45
PWSID: DE0000552Delaware2 MCL violations
Worst: PFPeA at 106.0 ppt · 8 compounds detected
106
ppt max
#46
PWSID: TX0840007Texas1 MCL violation
Worst: PFPeA at 102.0 ppt · 6 compounds detected
102
ppt max
#47
PWSID: SC3020001South Carolina3 MCL violations
Worst: HFPO-DA at 95.8 ppt(10× over EPA limit) · 9 compounds detected
95.8
ppt max
#48
PWSID: AL0001204Alabama2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 94.0 ppt · 7 compounds detected
94.0
ppt max
#49
PWSID: GA1150001Georgia2 MCL violations
Worst: PFBS at 93.3 ppt · 7 compounds detected
93.3
ppt max
#50
PWSID: MA4245000Massachusetts1 MCL violation
Worst: PFOA at 92.0 ppt(23× over EPA limit) · 7 compounds detected
92.0
ppt max
WHAT THESE NUMBERS MEAN — AND WHAT TO DO
What is ppt and why does 4 ppt matter?

Parts per trillion (ppt) is an almost incomprehensibly small unit — but PFAS compounds are dangerous at these trace levels because they accumulate in the body over decades and never break down. The EPA set the MCL for PFOA and PFOS at 4 ppt in 2024, reflecting the scientific consensus that there is no truly safe level of exposure. Systems showing 100+ ppt are delivering water at 25 times the legal limit.

Does this mean the water is unsafe to drink?

If your water system is on this list with active MCL violations, the EPA requires the utility to notify customers and take remediation steps. In the meantime, a certified reverse osmosis filter is the only technology independently proven to remove PFAS to safe levels at the tap. Standard Brita-style pitchers do not remove PFAS effectively.

Why are some PFAS compounds not shown as violations even at high levels?

The EPA currently has enforceable MCLs for only 6 PFAS compounds: PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, HFPO-DA (GenX), and a hazard index for certain combinations. Many other PFAS — like PFBA, PFPeA, and 6:2 FTS — are detected at high levels but are not yet subject to MCLs. This does not mean they are safe; it means the regulatory process has not caught up with the science.

How do I check my specific water system?

Enter your ZIP code on WaterCheckup to see the full EPA report for your local water utility, including PFAS detections, violation history, and filter recommendations matched to your actual contaminant profile.

Check if your ZIP is affected

Enter your ZIP code to see the full EPA PFAS report, violation history, and certified filter recommendations for your specific water system.

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Data source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5th Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5) national dataset, 2023–2025. Rankings reflect maximum PFAS concentration across all sampling points per public water system ID. MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level. ppt = parts per trillion. Data current as of publication date. Water quality can change — always check your utility's most recent Consumer Confidence Report for the latest readings.